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UPSC Optional 2025Question 22SociologyChallenges of Social Transformation150 words

Which measures would you suggest for preventing caste conflicts in India ? Justify your argument. (Answer in 150 words)

Model answer & approach

- Which measures would you suggest for preventing caste conflicts in India ? Justify your argument. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Caste conflict arises where subordination is enforced and mobility has no lawful outlet.
Body
1. What drives it: Dalit assertion meeting sanction from landowning castes, as at Kilvenmani, Karamchedu and Khairlanji; violence over endogamy and honour; and resentment over reservation in the Patidar, Jat and Maratha agitations.
2. The measures proposed: Make the Prevention of Atrocities Act work through exclusive special courts and dedicated prosecutors. Distribute ceiling-surplus and government land and implement the Forest Rights Act. Protect inter-caste couples, with safe housing and a marriage procedure that does not publish notice. Mechanise sanitation work with genuine rehabilitation. Devolve real funds to reserved panchayat seats, and run common neighbourhood schools.
3. Why they would work: Each removes a mechanism. Impunity sustains violence; land dependence sustains deference; endogamy, which Ambedkar identified as caste's foundation, sustains separation; and representation converts grievance into bargaining.
Conclusion
Conflict signals that economic and political change has outrun social change; the measures must close that gap.
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