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UPSC Optional 2025Question 28SociologyRural and Agrarian Transformation in India150 words

What are the Indian government's schemes launched for poverty alleviation after the United Nation's Declaration of 'Sustainable Development Goals - 2015' ? Briefly describe. (Answer in 150 words)

Model answer & approach

- What are the Indian government's schemes launched for poverty alleviation after the United Nation's Declaration of 'Sustainable Development Goals - 2015' ? Briefly describe. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Since the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals, India's poverty programmes have moved from subsidy to assured entitlements.
Body
1. Which schemes fall after the declaration: NITI Aayog is the nodal agency, and the programmes launched since span housing, fuel, health, income support, water and vendor credit.
2. What they do and whom they reach: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin, from 2016, builds pucca houses for the rural poor, and Ujjwala gives free cooking-gas connections to women of poor households. Ayushman Bharat, from 2018, covers hospitalisation up to five lakh rupees a year for the poorest two-fifths, extended in 2024 to all above seventy. PM-KISAN transfers six thousand rupees a year to landholding farmers and Jal Jeevan Mission supplies household tap connections. The Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana added free foodgrain for about eighty crore people, and PM SVANidhi gave street vendors collateral-free capital.
3. How they connect to the goals: Each maps to a named goal, and NITI Aayog's multidimensional headcount fell by roughly two-thirds over the decade.
Conclusion
The design is sound; what is missing is income security.
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