How do different theories explain social dimensions of social movements ? Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

- How do different theories explain social dimensions of social movements ? Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
The theories differ less over what movements do than over what makes them possible.

Body

1. The main theoretical explanations: Deprivation theories treat movements as a response to the gap between expectation and attainment — Gurr's relative deprivation. Smelser's value-added account derives collective behaviour from structural conduciveness, strain, generalised belief, mobilisation and social control. McCarthy and Zald reverse the emphasis: grievance is constant, and organisation, money and leadership are what vary. Political process theory adds the state, explaining timing by the opening of political opportunity. Touraine and Melucci hold that post-industrial movements contest identity rather than distribution.
2. What each takes the social dimensions to be: Respectively the distribution of grievance, structural strain, networks and resources, state openness, and collective identity. Ghanshyam Shah's survey shows why none suffices alone in India, where peasant, Dalit and women's movements mix redistribution with identity.
3. Where they disagree: On whether movements arise from strain or from capacity, and whether they are irrational reaction or ordinary politics.

Conclusion
Each explains a phase; together they explain why some grievances become movements and most do not.