Explain how fake news and disinformation pose threat to Internal Security and Public Order in Indian context ? In this regard, discuss salient features of amendments in respect of Information Technology (Intermediatory Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021. (Answer in 150 words)

- Explain how fake news and disinformation pose threat to Internal Security and Public Order in Indian context ? In this regard, discuss salient features of amendments in respect of Information Technology (Intermediatory Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Fake news and disinformation—deliberately fabricated or misleading information—can exploit India’s social diversity and digital penetration, threatening internal security, communal harmony and public order.
Body
Security Threats:
1. Communal Violence: Rumours can inflame religious or caste tensions and trigger mob violence.
2. Radicalisation: Extremist groups use fabricated narratives for recruitment and propaganda.
3. Public Panic: False information during riots, disasters or pandemics can overwhelm administration.
4. Electoral Manipulation: Coordinated disinformation can polarise voters and undermine democratic legitimacy.
5. National Security: Deepfakes and hostile foreign information operations can weaken trust in institutions.
IT Rules, 2021 – 2022 Amendments:
1. Intermediaries must respect citizens’ Articles 14, 19 and 21 rights.
2. User grievances must generally be resolved within 15 days, with specified content-related complaints addressed within 72 hours.
3. Grievance Appellate Committees (GACs) provide users an appellate remedy against intermediary decisions, generally within 30 days.
Conclusion
Thus, combating disinformation requires platform accountability alongside media literacy, independent fact-checking and protection of free speech.