Delineate the key factors that have shaped the evolving political landscape in Jammu and Kashmir post 2019. (Answer in 150 words)

- Delineate the key factors that have shaped the evolving political landscape in Jammu and Kashmir post 2019. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Since August 2019 politics in Jammu and Kashmir has been reconstituted from above: by constitutional change, then redrawn constituencies, and only afterwards an election.

Body

1. The constitutional rupture: Presidential orders of 5 August 2019 rendered Article 370 inoperative and removed Article 35A; the Reorganisation Act split the State into two Union Territories. The Supreme Court upheld this in 2023, directing elections and statehood.
2. Redrawn representation: The Desai Delimitation Commission raised Assembly seats from 83 to 90 in 2022, giving six to Jammu, one to Kashmir and nine to Scheduled Tribes.
3. The return of electoral politics: The 2024 Assembly election, the first in a decade, drew high turnout and replaced boycott with participation, producing a National Conference government under Omar Abdullah.
4. Security and civil liberties: Militancy has declined but shifted, as the Pahalgam attack showed, while detentions, internet curbs and restrictions on the press remain contested.

Conclusion
The centre of gravity has moved from separatism to bargaining within the system. Statehood, the Lieutenant Governor's powers and domicile rules remain unresolved.