Compare G. S. Ghurye's and A. R. Desai's approaches used in understanding Indian society. (Answer in 150 words)

- Compare G. S. Ghurye's and A. R. Desai's approaches used in understanding Indian society. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Desai took his doctorate under Ghurye at Bombay and then rejected his teacher's method.
Body
1. What each takes as the way in: For Ghurye it is India's civilisation, reached through classical texts and the Sanskritic tradition, as Caste and Race in India argues from Vedic and Dharmashastra evidence. For Desai it is the mode of production, read through economic and political history.
2. The axes on which they differ: Unit: civilisation against class and property. Time: continuity from the Vedic past against rupture under colonial capitalism. Source: the text against the record of revenue and struggle. Change: Ghurye's Sanskritization moves groups about inside a standing order, while Desai's transformation comes through conflict, as Social Background of Indian Nationalism traces it.
3. Where they nonetheless agree: Both are historical and empirical rather than speculative, both explain India from its own evidence rather than by borrowed models, and both built the Bombay department.
Conclusion
The quarrel is over which India is taken to be real: the inherited civilisation or the colonial economy.