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UPSC Optional 2026Question 2SociologyImpact of Colonial Rule on Indian Society150 words

According to you, which social reform had long-lasting impact on a specific section of society? Support your answer with suitable example. (Answer in 150 words)

Model answer & approach

- According to you, which social reform had long-lasting impact on a specific section of society? Support your answer with suitable example. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Of the nineteenth-century reforms, the opening of schooling to women has had the most durable effect.
Body
1. The reform chosen and the section it touched: Women's education, pressed by Jyotirao and Savitribai Phule, who opened a school for girls at Pune in 1848, and by Vidyasagar in Bengal.
2. Why its impact counts as long-lasting: A ban changes an act; schooling changes a capability. Female literacy stood below one in ten at the first census after independence and above two-thirds by 2011. Schooled mothers marry later, bear fewer children and educate their daughters in turn, so each cohort begins further along.
3. The example that shows it: D. K. Karve's home for widows at Hingne, opened in 1896 for women whom custom had written off, became the Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University in 1916, the first women's university in India.
4. Why this reform rather than another: The sati ban and the Widow Remarriage Act reached few women in few castes; schooling reached all of them.
Conclusion
A reform that confers a capability outlasts one that prohibits an act.
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