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UPSC Optional 2025Question 15SociologySociology - The Discipline150 words

In what way is the scope of sociology unique? Explain. (Answer in 150 words)

Model answer & approach

- In what way is the scope of sociology unique? Explain. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Sociology's scope is unique in its level of analysis, not in territory it owns.

Body

1. What the scope covers: Social relations — family, caste, class, religion, work, power, movements. The formalistic school after Simmel confined the subject to the forms of sociation; the synthetic school of Durkheim, Hobhouse and Ginsberg made it the general science of society, and that view prevailed.

2. What no other discipline has: Economics takes production, political science the state, psychology the individual; sociology takes the relations between institutions, which is why Weber could join a religious ethic to capitalist enterprise in one argument. Its object is the social fact, as Durkheim's Suicide showed. It alone makes the familiar strange and faces the double hermeneutic: the people it studies can read it and act otherwise.

3. Whether the claim holds: Not wholly. The uniqueness is of standpoint, not territory, and the territory is shared with history, economics and social anthropology, which in India merged with sociology altogether.

Conclusion
No subject monopolises social life; sociology's claim is to study it whole.
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