In what way does queer kinship challenge the traditional kinship system? Substantiate by giving illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)

- In what way does queer kinship challenge the traditional kinship system? Substantiate by giving illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
Queer kinship unsettles tradition by separating what it insists on fusing.

Body

1. What the traditional system rests on: Descent through a heterosexual married couple, with blood as the idiom of relatedness; caste endogamy and gotra exogamy; inheritance and ritual duty passing through sons; a household in which conjugality, reproduction and property coincide.

2. The points at which queer kinship challenges them: Weston's Families We Choose found lesbian and gay households building kin from choice and care rather than blood, making kinship something done rather than given; Schneider had already called blood a cultural idiom. Hijra guru-chela lineages, described by Nanda, pass name, property and ritual duty down a line of discipleship no marriage founds. Same-sex parenting breaks the link between conjugality and reproduction, and queer unions are not caste alliances.

3. How far the challenge reaches: Not far in law: Supriyo left marriage to Parliament in 2023, and succession and guardianship still run through heterosexual marriage. In practice the assumption has already gone.

Conclusion
The challenge is conceptual before it is legal, and the concept has moved first.