Discuss the trend of urbanization in India. Do you think that Industrialization is the only precondition of urbanization ? Give you arguments. (Answer in 350 words)

- Discuss the trend of urbanization in India. Do you think that Industrialization is the only precondition of urbanization ? Give you arguments. (Answer in 350 words)
Introduction
India's towns have grown steadily but slowly, unevenly and increasingly without factories, which is enough to dispose of the claim that industry is the only precondition of urbanisation.
Body
1. The trend as it has run: The urban share rose from about a sixth of the population in 1951 to roughly a third at the 2011 Census, some 377 million people, and is projected to approach two-fifths by 2036. Growth is top-heavy, with more than two-fifths of urban Indians in the fifty-three million-plus cities of 2011. It is also increasingly in situ: the sharpest change in 2011 was the appearance of about two and a half thousand new census towns, settlements that became urban by meeting the criteria while still governed as panchayats, and natural increase and reclassification now contribute more than migration. Regional contrasts are wide, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Kerala against Bihar and Odisha, and around 65 million people were counted in slums.
2. The case that industry drives urban growth: Classically the modern city is the industrial city, and India's own mill towns, Bombay, Ahmedabad, Kanpur and Coimbatore, grew as factory labour concentrated. Planned industrial townships built cities from nothing at Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur, and since 1991 the software and manufacturing corridors have done the same at Gurugram, Hyderabad, Whitefield and Hinjewadi. Industry supplies the wage employment that makes urban residence possible and the agglomeration that keeps it growing.
3. The other conditions under which towns grow: Administration builds cities outright, at New Delhi, Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar and Gandhinagar. Pilgrimage sustains Varanasi, Haridwar and Tirupati; trade and ports sustain Surat and Visakhapatnam; education sustains Kota. Services and remittances urbanise Kerala without factories. Much Indian urban growth is push rather than pull, agrarian distress driving people into informal city work, which is why Hoselitz's distinction between generative and parasitic cities remains useful here.
4. A stand on the word 'only': The word fails. Industry is sufficient for urban growth but not necessary, and India is the proof: manufacturing's share of employment has stagnated while the urban population has gone on rising. What makes a town is a concentration of non-agricultural livelihoods, whatever generates them.
Conclusion
India's towns have been built far more by services, administration and distress than by factories.