UPSC Prelims 2025Question 55Polity

Consider the following pairs:
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Provision in the
Constitution of India — Stated under; I. Separation of Judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the State — The Directive Principles of the State Policy; II. Valuing and preserving of the rich heritage of
our composite culture — The Fundamental Duties; III. Prohibition of employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories — The Fundamental Rights

Options

(a)Only one
(b)Only two
(c)All the three
(d)None

Correct answer: c

Decision rule

Addressed to the State as policy means Directive Principle; addressed to the citizen as duty means Article 51A; judicially enforceable means Fundamental Right.

Explanation

Correct Answer:

(c) All the three

Explanation of the Correct Answer:

Each of the three provisions mentioned is correctly matched with its respective section of the Constitution of India.

Pair I: Separation of Judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the State → Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
- Correct
- This is provided under Article 50 of the Directive Principles of State Policy, which directs the State to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
- It aims to ensure the independence of the judiciary at the district level.

Pair II: Valuing and preserving the rich heritage of our composite culture → Fundamental Duties
- Correct
- This is part of the Fundamental Duties under Article 51A(f).
- It states: "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture."

Pair III: Prohibition of employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories → Fundamental Rights
- Correct
- This is provided under Article 24, a part of the Fundamental Rights (Part III).
- It prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories, mines or any other hazardous employment.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

(a) Only one – Incorrect: All three are correct.
(b) Only two – Incorrect: All three are correct.
(d) None – Incorrect: All three are correct.

Relevant Supplementary Information

Table: Evaluation of the Pairs

Pair	Provision	Section in Constitution	Correct?	Explanation
I	Separation of Judiciary from Executive	Article 50 – DPSP	Yes	Ensures independence of judiciary; directive to the State
II	Preserving composite cultural heritage	Article 51A(f) – Fundamental Duties	Yes	Duty of every citizen to protect India’s composite culture
III	Prohibition of child labour in hazardous sectors	Article 24 – Fundamental Rights	Yes	Prohibits child labour below 14 years in factories and mines

Related Concepts:

Concept	Explanation
Directive Principles (Part IV)	Non-justiciable principles meant to guide the state in governance
Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)	Responsibilities of citizens introduced by the 42nd Amendment (1976)
Fundamental Rights (Part III)	Justiciable rights enforceable by courts; includes Article 24 on child labour

Current Relevance:

Discussions on judicial independence often reference Article 50 (DPSP).
Emphasis on cultural preservation through citizen awareness campaigns ties to Article 51A(f).
Article 24 is the basis of India’s child labour laws, now expanded by the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016.

Table: Constitutional Provisions – DPSP, Fundamental Duties, Fundamental Rights

Concept / Subject	Article	Part of Constitution	Nature	Details / Scope
Separation of Judiciary from Executive	Article 50	Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)	Non-justiciable	Directs the State to separate judiciary from executive in public services to ensure independence of judiciary
Preservation of Composite Cultural Heritage	Article 51A(f)	Part IVA – Fundamental Duties	Non-enforceable by courts (but ethically binding)	Duty of citizens to value and preserve the rich heritage of India’s composite culture
Prohibition of Child Labour in Hazardous Employment	Article 24	Part III – Fundamental Rights	Justiciable (enforceable by courts)	Prohibits employment of children below 14 years in factories, mines, or hazardous occupations

Supplement: Summary by Constitutional Classification

Part	Subject Area	Key Characteristics
Part III	Fundamental Rights	Legally enforceable; guarantees individual rights; includes Article 24
Part IV	Directive Principles	Policy guidelines for the State; not enforceable; includes Article 50
Part IVA	Fundamental Duties (added by 42nd Amendment, 1976)	Moral obligations of citizens; not justiciable; includes Article 51A clauses

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