When there are multiple stakeholders of power, conversation and consensus become the natural ingredients of governance. Analyze with respect to coalition politics. (Answer in 250 words)

- When there are multiple stakeholders of power, conversation and consensus become the natural ingredients of governance. Analyze with respect to coalition politics. (Answer in 250 words)
Introduction
Coalition converts a majority into a negotiation. When no party can legislate alone, agreement must be manufactured before power can be exercised, and consultation becomes a condition of survival rather than a virtue.

Body
1. The Indian sequence: the SVD governments of 1967, the Janata experiment of 1977, then the sustained coalition era of the National Front (1989), United Front (1996), NDA (1998-2004) and UPA (2004-14), with dependence returning after 2024.
2. The Common Minimum Programme institutionalises conversation: the UPA's CMP, monitored by a coordination committee with the Left, produced the NREGA and the Right to Information Act in 2005 and the Forest Rights Act in 2006 — outcomes a single-party government had not proposed.
3. Consensus is bargained, not deliberated: allies extract portfolios, projects and vetoes. Sartori's blackmail potential describes small parties whose exit threat exceeds their seat share.
4. A federalising effect: Yogendra Yadav and Suhas Palshikar show that regional parties in office at the Centre strengthened the states; the coalition decades saw the Inter-State Council revived and Article 356 disciplined after S. R. Bommai (1994).
5. Parliamentary deepening: the departmentally related standing committees created in 1993 matured precisely when governments lacked commanding majorities.
6. The costs: lowest common denominator policy, the Left's withdrawal over the nuclear deal in 2008, and the corruption for which coalition dharma became the alibi. The Tenth Schedule and the 91st Amendment (2003) were needed to contain the resulting instability.

Conclusion
The statement holds descriptively: multiple stakeholders do force conversation, and India's most consequential rights legislation came from coalition bargaining. Whether that conversation is deliberation or purchase depends on whether the common programme is a shared agenda or a price list.