Model answer & approach
- The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India's contributions to the international fusion energy project - International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy? (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
India’s fusion energy programme has progressively advanced since the 1980s, with its participation in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) marking a significant step toward achieving clean and limitless energy through nuclear fusion.
Body
1. India’s Contributions to ITER: India, as one of ITER’s seven partners (along with the EU, USA, Russia, Japan, China, and South Korea), contributes about 9% of the project’s value in kind. Key contributions include:
- Cryostat Fabrication: India, through Larsen & Toubro, built the world’s largest cryostat (a steel structure enclosing the reactor).
- Cooling, power, and diagnostic systems: Supplied cryolines, in-vessel shielding blocks, and power supplies.
- Scientific Collaboration: Indian scientists from Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) participate in plasma modeling and reactor control systems.
2. Implications of ITER’s Success:
- Could yield near-zero carbon, abundant, and safe energy from fusion reactions.
- Reduce global dependence on fossil fuels, ensuring energy security and sustainability.
- Propel technological innovation and international cooperation in clean energy research.
Conclusion
India’s active role in ITER highlights its emergence as a key player in global energy innovation. The project’s success could revolutionize the world’s energy landscape, ushering in an era of clean, limitless, and collaborative power generation.
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