Map the different types of ethnic conflicts that have emerged in 21st century India. (Answer in 250 words)

- Map the different types of ethnic conflicts that have emerged in 21st century India. (Answer in 250 words)
Introduction
Twenty-first century ethnic conflict in India has shifted from separatist insurgency towards contests over land, status and citizenship within the constitutional order. The map is best read by the object of the claim rather than by region.

Body
1. Residual self-determination insurgency: the Naga movement, unresolved after the 2015 Framework Agreement over flag and constitution, alongside declining valley insurgency marked by the ULFA accord of 2023 and the withdrawal of AFSPA from much of the North-East.
2. Group against group over land and status: Manipur since May 2023, where the Meitei demand for Scheduled Tribe recognition collided with Kuki-Zo fears over hill land and autonomy, displacing tens of thousands; earlier, Bodo-Adivasi and Bodo-Muslim violence preceding the 2020 Bodo Accord.
3. Citizenship and demography: Assam's NRC of 2019, the CAA, and the unimplemented Clause 6 of the Assam Accord, where the anxiety is about the indigenous becoming a minority.
4. Nativist son-of-the-soil conflict: Myron Weiner's category, seen in campaigns against migrant workers and in domicile-based employment quotas.
5. Tribe against state over forest and mineral land: the Adivasi belt of Bastar and Jharkhand, where Left-wing extremism overlays dispossession; Nandini Sundar (2011) and the Niyamgiri gram sabha verdict (2013) are the judicial counterpoint, with PESA and the Forest Rights Act as the institutional answer.
6. Recognition and list conflicts: Sarna code demands, Tipra Motha's Greater Tipraland, and Ladakh's campaign for Sixth Schedule protection.

Conclusion
Paul Brass reads these as elite instrumentalism, Horowitz as the politics of unranked groups, and Varshney explains the variation by inter-communal civic ties. India's asymmetric federalism under Articles 371A to 371J and the Sixth Schedule has contained secession while multiplying disputes over who counts as indigenous.