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UPSC Optional 2026Question 5Public AdministrationAdministrative Law150 words

"Dicey's three principles of the 'Rule of Law' have been further developed to meet the immense needs of a democratic society." Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

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- "Dicey's three principles of the 'Rule of Law' have been further developed to meet the immense needs of a democratic society." Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
A.V. Dicey conceived the Rule of Law as protection against arbitrary power. His classical principles have since evolved to address the complexities of modern democratic and welfare states.
Body
Dicey’s Three Principles:
1. Supremacy of Law: No person can be punished except for a breach of law established through ordinary legal procedure.
2. Equality Before Law: Every person, irrespective of status, is subject to the same law and ordinary courts.
3. Predominance of Legal Spirit: Rights are protected through courts and judicial decisions rather than merely constitutional declarations.
Further Development in Democracies:
1. Constitutional Supremacy now limits both executive and legislative power.
2. Judicial Review protects fundamental rights against arbitrary state action.
3. Due Process, natural justice and proportionality ensure fairness in administration.
4. Independent judiciary, tribunals and human-rights institutions strengthen remedies.
5. Welfare administration has permitted delegated legislation and administrative discretion, but these remain subject to legality and accountability.
Conclusion
Thus, Dicey’s Rule of Law has evolved from formal legal equality into substantive constitutionalism, combining legality with rights, fairness and accountable governance.
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