Model answer & approach
- Describe India’s objections to agricultural negotiations at the World Trade Organisation. (Answer in 150 words)
Introduction
India's quarrel is with the asymmetry written into the Agreement on Agriculture (1995), which froze historic advantage and counts food security spending as trade distortion.
Body
1. A rigged baseline: rich members legalised existing subsidies as entitlements and moved them into the Green Box, while India, with historically low support, is capped at ten per cent de minimis.
2. The 1986-88 reference price: measuring support against prices three decades old makes the minimum support price breach the ceiling through inflation alone.
3. Public stockholding: the Bali peace clause (2013) is interim; India wants the permanent solution mandated at Nairobi (2015) and still unresolved.
4. Special safeguard mechanism: developing countries need an automatic remedy against import surges; the Doha mini-ministerial of July 2008 collapsed on this.
5. Livelihood, not commerce: with over a hundred million small holdings, India leads the G-33 in seeking special products and resists plurilateral routes.
Conclusion
Food security is not a subsidy to be bargained away. Until stockholding is permanently protected, India will withhold movement on the other agricultural pillars.
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