Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS: I. 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan. II. Indonesia has become a full member of BRICS. III. The theme of the 16th BRICS Summit was Strengthening Multiculturalism for Just Global Development and Security. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Options
(a)I and II
(b)I and III
(c)II and III
(d)I only
Correct answer: a
Decision rule
Russia chaired the 16th Summit at Kazan (October 2024) and Indonesia became a full member in January 2025; the theme was ‘Strengthening Multilateralism’, not ‘Multiculturalism’.
Explanation
Correct Answer
(a) I and II
Explanation of the Correct Answer
I – correct. The 16th BRICS Summit was held at Kazan in October 2024 under Russia's chairship.
II – correct.Indonesia became a full member of BRICS on 6 January 2025, announced by Brazil as the 2025 chair.
III – incorrect. The theme of Russia's chairship and the Kazan summit was “Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security”. The statement swaps ‘Multilateralism’ for ‘Multiculturalism’.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
(b) I and III and (c) II and III include the misworded theme.
(d) I only leaves out statement II, which is true.
Key Takeaways
Read theme statements word by word: UPSC often changes a single word.
BRICS expansion: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the UAE joined in January 2024, and Indonesia in January 2025.
Class 12Contemporary Centres of Power— NCERT Polity, Chapter 2. After 1991 the US was the sole superpower, but alternative centres of political and economic power could limit its dominance. In Europe, states ruined by the Second…
Independent UPSC previous-year-questions study tool — not affiliated with or endorsed by the UPSC. Question text is reproduced from publicly released UPSC examination papers. UPSCviaPYQs · Privacy · Terms